Browse Data and Analysis

The United Kingdom (UK) continues to implement changes to its border control measures, following its departure from the European Union (EU).

Following the UK’s departure from the European Union, U.S. export health certificates are now required to either follow the Great Britain model health certificates (for destinations within England, Scotland, or Wales) or the European Union model health certificates if shipping to Northern Ireland.

In 2023, the United Kingdom continues to face a cost-of-living crisis. Price inflation remains a concern negatively impacting consumer purchasing decisions. For example, October 2023 food prices were 30 percent higher than in October 2021.

Romania has been a growing market for U.S. food and agriculture exports. Romania’s total resident population is 19.05 million people, which is a marginal increase from last year, with about 48 percent living in rural areas (2023 data).