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The drought in Andalucía is anticipated to prevent further expansion of Spain’s cotton area in MY 2023/24. Irrigation water allocation will be critical for farmer’s planting decisions, and temperatures and pest incidence during the summer months will also determine final yields.

In 2022, Spain imported $2.1 billion worth of agricultural, seafood and forest products from the United States, up 27 percent compared to the previous year. After high rates of consumer price inflation in 2022, the latest European Union economic forecast shows Spain’s economic growth forecast at 1.4 percent in 2023 and 2.0 percent in 2024.

In 2022, the Government of Ecuador continued to support floor prices for local production of corn, rice, and wheat as well as began subsidizing the price of fertilizers for small producers.

Ecuador’s National Customs Service (SENAE) announced on February 2, 2023, that Distiller’s Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) will no longer be subject to a 12 percent value added tax.

Despite continued economic constraints, U.S. – Ecuador bilateral agricultural and related product trade rose to $4.5 billion in 2022. In addition, U.S. agricultural and related product exports to Ecuador reached a record $741 million.