Each agreement awarded by the Cooperator
to a small business firm, non-profit organization, or university which is to
be performed in the United States, its possessions, or Puerto Rico and has as
a purpose the performance of experimental, development, or research work,
must contain the Patents Rights Provision.
(a) Definitions:
(1) Invention. Any
invention or discovery which is or may be patentable, or otherwise
protectable under Title 35 of the United States Code (U.S.C.), or any novel
variety of plant which is or may be protected under the Plant Variety
Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 2321 et seq.).
(2) Subject Invention.
Any invention of the Cooperator conceived or first actually reduced to
practice in the performance of work under this Agreement, provided that in
the case of a variety of plant, the date of determination (as defined in section
41(d) of the Plant Variety Protection Act, 7 U.S.C. 2401(d) must also occur
during the period of the Agreement performance.
(3) Practical
Application. To manufacture in the case of a composition or product, to
practice in the case of a process or method, or to operate in the case of a
machine or system and, in each case, under such conditions as to establish
that the invention is being utilized and that its benefits are, to the extent
permitted by law or Government regulations available to the public on reasonable
terms.
(4) Made. When used in
relation to any invention, the conception or first actual reduction to
practice of such invention.
(5) Small Business
Firm. A small business concern as defined at section 2 of Public Law 85-536
(15 U.S.C. 632) and implementing regulations of the administrator of the
Small Business Administration. For the purpose of this provision, the size
standard for small business concerns involved in Government procurement and
subgranting as 13 CFR 121.3-8 and 13 CFR 121.3-12, respectively, will be
used.
(6) Non-Profit
Organization. A university or other institution of higher education or an
organization of the type described in section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1954 Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. 501c) and exempt from
taxation under section 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. 501(a))
or any nonprofit scientific or educational organization qualified under a
State nonprofit organization statute.
(b) Allocation of Principal Rights.
(1) All rights, title,
and interest in any Subject Invention made solely by employee(s) of FAS shall
be owned by FAS.
(2) All rights, title,
and interest in any Subject Invention made solely by employee(s) of the
Cooperator shall be owned by the Cooperator.
(3) All rights, title,
and interest in any Subject invention made jointly by at least one (1)
employee of FAS and at least one (1) employee of the Cooperator shall be
jointly owned by FAS and the Cooperator.
(4) With respect to any
subject invention in which the Cooperator retains title, the Federal
Government shall have a nonexclusive, nontransferable, irrevocable, paid-up
license to practice or have practiced for or on behalf of the United States
any subject invention throughout the world.
(c) Invention Disclosure, Election of Title
and Filing of Patent Applications by the Cooperator.
(1) The Cooperator shall
disclose each subject invention to FAS within 2 months after the inventor
discloses it in writing to personnel responsible for patent matters. The
disclosure to FAS shall be in the form of a written report and must identify
the agreement under which the invention was made and the inventor(s). It
must be sufficiently complete in technical detail to convey a clear
understanding, to the extent known at the time of the disclosure, of the
nature, purpose, operation, and the physical, chemical, biological or
electric characteristics of the invention. The disclosure must also identify
any publication, on sale of public use of the invention, and whether a
manuscript describing the invention has been submitted for publication and,
if so, whether it has been accepted for publication at the time of
disclosure. In addition, after disclosure to FAS, the Cooperator shall
promptly notify FAS of the acceptance of any manuscript describing the
invention for publication or of any on sale or public use planned by the
Cooperator.
(2) The Cooperator
shall elect in writing whether or not to retain title to any such invention
by notifying FAS within 2 years of disclosure by the Cooperator; provided
that in any case where publication, on sale or public use has initiated the 1
year statutory period wherein valid patent protection can still be obtained
in the United States, the period for election of title may be shortened by
FAS to a date that is no more than 60 days prior to the end of the statutory
period.
(3) The Cooperator
shall file its initial patent application on an elected invention within 1
year after election or, if earlier, prior to the end of any statutory period
wherein valid protection can be obtained in the United States after
publication, on sale, or public use. The Cooperator shall file patent
applications in additional countries within either 10 months from the
corresponding initial patent application or 6 months from the date permission
is granted by the Commissioner of Patents and trademarks to file foreign
patent applications where such filing has been prohibited by a Secrecy Order.
(4) Requests for
extension of the time for disclosure to FAS, election, and filing may, at the
discretion of FAS, be granted.
(d) Conditions when the Government May
Obtain Title. The Cooperator shall convey to FAS, upon written request,
title to any subject invention:
(1) If the Cooperator
fails to disclose or elect the subject invention within the times specified
in item c herein or elects not to retain title; provided that FAS may only
request title within 60 days after learning of the failure of the Cooperator
to disclose or elect within the specified times.
(2) In those countries
in which the Cooperator fails to file patent applications within the times
specified in item (c)(3) herein; provided, however, that if the Cooperator
has/have filed a patent application in a country after the times specified in
item (c)(3), but prior to its receipt of the written request of FAS, the
Cooperator shall continue to retain title in that country.
(3) In any country in
which the Cooperator decides not to continue the prosecution of any
application for, to pay the maintenance fees on, or defend in reexamination
or opposition proceeding on, a patent on a subject invention.
(e) Minimum Rights to the Cooperator and
Protection of the Contractor Right to File.
(1) The Cooperator shall
retain a nonexclusive, royalty-free license throughout the world in each
subject invention to which the Government obtains title, except if the
Cooperator fails to disclose the subject invention within the times specified
in item (c) herein. The Cooperator’s license extends to its domestic
subsidiaries and affiliates, if any, within the corporate structure of which
the Cooperator is a party and includes the right to grant sublicenses of the
same scope to the extent the Cooperator was legally obligated to do so at the
time the agreement was awarded. The license is transferable only with
approval of FAS, except when transferred to the successor of that party of
the Cooperator’s business to which the invention pertains.
(2) The Cooperator‘s
domestic license may be revoked or modified by FAS to the extent necessary to
achieve expeditious practical application of the subject invention, pursuant
to an application for an exclusive license submitted in accordance with
applicable provisions at 37 CFR Part 404. This license will not be revoked
in that field of use or the geographical areas in which the Cooperator has
achieved practical application and continues to make the benefits of the
invention reasonably accessible to the public. The license in any foreign
country may be revoked or modified at the discretion of FAS to the extent the
Cooperator, its licensees, or its domestic subsidiaries or affiliates have
failed to achieve practical application in that foreign country.
(3) Before revocation or
modification of the license FAS shall furnish the Cooperator a written notice
of its intention to revoke or modify the license, and the Cooperator shall be
allowed 30 days (or such other time as may be authorized by FAS for good
cause shown by the Cooperator) after the notice to show cause why the license
should not be revoked or modified. The Cooperator has the right to appeal,
in accordance with applicable regulations in 37 CFR Part 404 concerning the
licensing Government-owned inventions, any decision concerning the revocation
or modification of its license.
(f) Action to Protect the Government's
Interest
(1) The Cooperator
agrees to execute, or to have executed, and promptly deliver to FAS all
agreements necessary to
(i) Establish or confirm
the rights the Government has throughout the world in those subject
inventions to which the Cooperator elects to retain title, and
(ii) Convey title to FAS
when requested under paragraph (c) herein and to enable the Government to
obtain patent protection throughout the world in that subject invention.
(iii) The Cooperator
agrees to require, by written agreement, its employees, other than clerical
and non-technical employees, to disclose promptly in writing to personnel
identified as responsible for the administration of patent matters and in a
format suggested by the Cooperator each subject invention made under the
disclose provisions of paragraph c herein and to execute all papers necessary
to file patent applications on subject inventions and to establish the
Government's rights in the subject invention. This disclosure format should
require, as a minimum, the information required by paragraph (c) above, and
to execute all papers necessary to file patent applications on subject
inventions and to establish the government's rights in the subject
inventions. This disclosure format should require, as a minimum, the
information required by paragraph (c)(1). The Cooperator shall instruct such
employees' agreements or other suitable educational programs on the
importance of reporting inventions in sufficient time to permit the filing of
patent applications prior to United States or foreign statutory bars.
(2) The Cooperator shall
notify FAS of any decision not to continue the prosecution of a patent
application, pay maintenance fees, or defend in a reexamination or opposition
proceeding on a patent, in any country, not less than 30 days before the
expiration of the response period required by the relevant patent office.
(3) The Cooperator
agrees to include, within the specification of any United States patent
application and any patent issuing thereon covering a subject invention, the
following statement: This invention was made with the Government support
under (insert FAS agreement number) awarded by FAS. The Government has certain
rights in this invention.
(g) Subcontracts
(1) The Cooperator shall
include this provision, suitably modified to identify the parties, in all
subcontracts, regardless of tier, for experimental, developmental, or
research work to be performed by a small business firm or domestic nonprofit
organization. The subcontractor shall retain all rights provided for the
Cooperator in this provision, and the Cooperator shall not, as part of the
consideration for awarding the subgrant or subcontract under the Agreement,
obtain rights in the subgrantee's or subcontractor's subject inventions.
(2) The Cooperator
shall include in all other subcontracts the patent rights provision,
regardless of tier, for experimental, developmental, or research work.
(3) In the case of
subcontracts, at any tier, when the prime award with the Federal agency was a
contract (but not a grant or cooperative agreement), the agency,
subcontractors, and the contractor agree that the mutual obligations of the
parties created by this provision constitute a contract between the
subcontractor and the Federal agency with respect to those matters covered by
this provision; provided, however, that nothing in this paragraph is intended
to confer any jurisdiction under the Contract Disputes Act in connection with
proceedings under paragraph (j) of this provision.
(h) Reporting on Utilization of Subject
Invention. The Cooperator agrees to submit, on request, periodic reports no
more frequently than annually on the utilization of a subject invention or on
efforts at obtaining such utilization that are being made by the Cooperator
or its licensees or assignees. Such reports must include information
regarding the status of development, date of first commercial sale or use,
gross royalties received by the Cooperator, and such other data and
information as FAS may reasonably specify. The Cooperator also agrees to
provide additional reports as may be requested by FAS in connection with any
march-in proceeding undertaken by FAS in accordance with paragraph (j) of
this provision. As required by 35 U.S.C. 202(c)(5), FAS agrees it shall not
disclose such information to persons outside the government without
permission of the Cooperator.
(i) Preference for United States Industry.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this provision, the Cooperator agrees
that neither it nor any assignee shall grant to any person the exclusive
right to use or sell any subject invention in the United States unless such
person agrees that any product embodying the subject invention will be
manufactured substantially in the United States. However, in individual
cases the requirement for such an agreement may be waived by FAS upon a
showing by the Cooperator or its assignee that reasonable but unsuccessful
efforts have been made to grant licenses on similar terms to potential
licensees that would be likely to manufacture substantially in the United
States, or that under the circumstances, domestic manufacture is not
commercially feasible.
(j) March-in-Rights. The Cooperator agrees
that with respect to any subject invention in which it has acquired title,
FAS has the right in accordance with the procedures in 37 CFR 401.6 and any
supplemental regulations of FAS to require the Cooperator, an assignee or
exclusive licensee of a subject invention to grant a nonexclusive, partially
exclusive, or exclusive license in any field of use to a responsible
applicant or applicants, upon terms that are reasonable under the
circumstances, and if the Cooperator assignee, or exclusive licensee refuses
such a request, FAS has the right to grant such a license itself if FAS
determines that:
(1) Such action is
necessary because the Cooperator or assignee has not taken, or is not
expected to take within a reasonable time, effective steps to achieve
practical application of the subject invention in such field of use;
(2) Such action is
necessary to alleviate health or safety needs which are not reasonably
satisfied by the Cooperator, assignee, or their licensees;
(3) Such action is
necessary to meet requirements for public use specified by Federal
regulations and such requirements are not reasonably satisfied by the
Cooperator, assignee, or licensees; or
(4) Such action is
necessary because the agreement required by paragraph i of this provision has
not been obtained or waived, or because a licensee of the exclusive right to
use or sell any subject invention in the United States is in breach of such
agreement.
(k) Special Provisions for Contracts with
Non-profit Organizations. If the Cooperator/contractor is a non-profit
organization, it agrees that:
(1) Rights to a subject
invention in the United States may not be assigned without the approval of
FAS, except where such assignment is made to an organization which has as one
of its primary functions the management of inventions provided that such
assignee shall be subject to the same provisions as the Cooperator.
(2) The Cooperator shall
share royalties collected on a subject invention with the inventor, including
Federal employee coinventors (when FAS deems it appropriate) when the subject
invention is assigned in accordance with 35 U.S.C. 202(e) and 37 CFR 401.10.
(3) The balance of any
royalties or income earned by the Cooperator with respect to subject
inventions, after payment of expense (including payments to inventor)
incidental to the administration of subject inventions will be utilized for
the support of scientific research or education; and
(4) It shall make
efforts that are reasonable under the circumstances to attract licensees of
subject invention that are small business firms and that it shall give
preference to a small business firm when licensing a subject invention if the
Cooperator determines that the small business firm has a plan or proposal for
marketing the invention which, if executed, is equally as likely to bring the
invention to practical application as any plans or proposals from applicants
that are not small business firms; provided, that the Cooperator is also
satisfied that the small business firm has the capability and resources to
carry out its plan or proposal. The decision whether to give preference in
any specific case will be at the discretion of the Cooperator. However, the
Cooperator agrees that the Secretary may review the Cooperator’s licensing
program and decisions regarding small business applicants, and the Cooperator
shall negotiate changes to its licensing policies, procedures, or practices
with the Secretary when the Secretary's review discloses that the Cooperator
could take reasonable steps to implement more effectively the requirements of
this paragraph.
(l) Communication
(1) Communications
relating to the administration of this provision and disclosure statements
should be directed to the GMO.
(2) Practice statements
are also made to the Patent Advisor.
NOTE: Exceptions for Not Using the Patent Rights Provision:
i. When the agreement
is for the operation of a federally funded research and development center of
a government-owned production facility;
ii. In exceptional
circumstances when it is determined by FAS that restriction or elimination of
the right to retain title to any subject invention shall better promote the
policy and objective of Title 35, Chapter 18 of the United States Code; or
iii. When it is
determined by a Government authority which is authorized by statute or
Executive Order to conduct foreign intelligence or counter intelligence
activities that the restriction or elimination of the right to retain title
to any subject invention is necessary to protect the security of such
activities.
(3) Any determination
under this provision must be in writing and accompanied by a written
statement of facts and must contain such information as FAS field office
deems relevant and, at a minimum, must:
i. Identify the small
business firm or nonprofit organization involved.
ii. Describe the extent
to which FAS action restricted or eliminated the right to retain title to a
subject invention.
iii. State the facts and
rationale supporting FAS action.
iv. Provide supporting
documentation for those facts and rationale.
v. Indicate the nature
of any objections to FAS action and provide any documentation in which those
objections appear. A copy of each such determination and written statement
of facts must be sent to the Director, Fiscal and Public Safety, Washington
Office, for review and forwarded to the Comptroller General of the United
States within 30 days after the award of the applicable agreement. In some
cases of determinations applicable to agreements with small business firms,
copies must also be sent to the Chief Counsel for advocacy of the Small
Business Administration. |